Peptides

Understanding GLP-1 and GIP

A guide to receptors, appetite, and the limits of comparisons.

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Illustrative image of research and organizing information. It does not depict a treatment outcome.
Illustrative image. It does not show a treatment outcome.

A guide to receptors, appetite, and the limits of comparisons.

Signals the body recognizes

GLP-1 is a natural hormone involved in appetite regulation. Semaglutide and liraglutide activate its receptor. This helps explain the fullness described for these medicines, but a mechanism alone cannot predict an individual’s outcome.

Where does GIP fit?

Tirzepatide acts at GLP-1 and GIP receptors; GIP is another gut hormone. These signals participate in insulin release in response to food and appetite regulation. Having two targets does not, by itself, establish which treatment suits someone.

The leaflet provides context

Indications, restrictions, and adverse effects belong to the specific product. Nausea, vomiting, and other digestive symptoms appear in these medicines’ information; serious events are also possible. Selection and follow-up require professional assessment and the current leaflet for your country.

Sources and references

Documents and research consulted for this article. Each source describes its own context; a reference does not confirm every use of a substance.

  1. Wegovy — Medicine overview (opens in a new tab)EMA · Accessed November 4, 2026
  2. Saxenda — Medicine overview (opens in a new tab)EMA · Accessed November 4, 2026
  3. Mounjaro — Medicine overview (opens in a new tab)EMA · Accessed November 4, 2026
  4. Alerta sobre pancreatite e uso indevido de agonistas GLP-1 (opens in a new tab)Anvisa · Accessed November 4, 2026
  5. Wegovy — Product information (PDF) (opens in a new tab)EMA · Accessed November 4, 2026
  6. Mounjaro — Product information (PDF) (opens in a new tab)EMA · Accessed November 4, 2026